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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...

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Endocannabinoids and obesity.

Guoxun Chen1, Zhen Pang

  • 1Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. gchen6@utk.edu

Vitamins and Hormones
|February 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) regulates body weight. While CB1 antagonists show obesity treatment potential, brain side effects limit use. Peripheral CB1 targets offer a safer therapeutic strategy.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Endocrinology
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • The global obesity epidemic necessitates novel therapeutic strategies.
  • The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a crucial role in regulating feeding behavior, energy expenditure, and body weight.
  • Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonists have demonstrated antiobesity effects but are limited by psychological side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the ECS's role in obesity.
  • To explore the potential of targeting peripheral CB1 receptors for obesity treatment.
  • To address controversies and discuss future research directions in ECS-targeted obesity pharmacotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on the endocannabinoid system and obesity.
  • Analysis of studies investigating CB1 antagonists in animal models and clinical trials.
  • Examination of evidence for peripheral CB1 receptor involvement in metabolic regulation.

Main Results:

  • CB1 antagonists show efficacy in preclinical and clinical obesity models.
  • Psychological side effects associated with central CB1 antagonism have hindered drug development.
  • Emerging evidence suggests peripheral CB1 receptors mediate beneficial metabolic effects, including improved lipid and glucose homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting peripheral CB1 receptors may offer a promising approach to develop safe and effective antiobesity drugs with reduced central nervous system side effects.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the role of peripheral ECS components in metabolic health and disease.
  • Developing compounds with limited brain penetration is a key strategy for future antiobesity drug discovery targeting the ECS.