Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Progression

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

Tumor Progression

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

Metastasis

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Mixed/combined pulmonary non-small cell carcinoma and carcinoid: State-of-the-Art review of clinical, histological, and molecular features with therapeutic implications.

Histology and histopathology·2026

Same author

Intrapulmonary course of the inferior vena cava: a rare congenital anomaly.

BJR case reports·2026

Same author

Climber's muscle excitation and force distribution at different wall angles and body positions.

European journal of applied physiology·2025

Same author

<i>SPARC</i> aberrant methylation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an explorative study.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology·2025

Same author

The Brescia International Multidisciplinary Consensus Guidelines on the Optimal Pathology Assessment and Multidisciplinary Pathways of Non-Pancreatic Neoplasms in and Around the Ampulla of Vater (PERIPAN).

United European gastroenterology journal·2025

Same author

NRG/ErbB signaling: on the trail of a molecular fingerprint in mucinous carcinoma.

Expert opinion on therapeutic targets·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

When a thymic carcinoma "becomes" a GIST.

Valentina Rossi¹, Maddalena Donini, Pietro Sergio

¹Department of Medical Oncology, Istituti Ospitalieri of Cremona, Italy. valentina.rossi@ircc.it

Lung Cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

|February 5, 2013

Summary

Thymic carcinoma (TC) with c-Kit mutation, a rare cancer, can be treated with targeted therapies. Sunitinib showed effectiveness in a patient who failed imatinib treatment.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

Area of Science:

Oncology
Genetics
Pharmacology

Background:

Thymic carcinoma (TC) is a rare and aggressive intrathoracic malignancy.
TC can be refractory to conventional chemotherapy regimens.
Genomic studies reveal a subset of TC with high c-kit mutation prevalence, similar to gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).

Observation:

A patient with relapsed thymic carcinoma after multiple chemotherapy lines was treated.
The patient's tumor harbored a c-kit mutation.
Initial treatment with imatinib was unsuccessful.

Findings:

The patient demonstrated a significant and durable response to sunitinib.
Sunitinib was administered after imatinib failure in this c-kit mutated TC case.
This suggests a potential therapeutic role for sunitinib in refractory TC.

Implications:

Targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors like sunitinib may be a viable option for specific TC subsets.
Understanding the molecular profile of TC, particularly c-kit mutations, is crucial for treatment selection.
This case highlights the potential for repurposing GIST therapies in a molecularly similar TC subgroup.