Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 5, 2026
09:13
A Fully Automated and Highly Versatile System for Testing Multi-cognitive Functions and Recording Neuronal Activities in Rodents
Published on: May 3, 2012
15.0K
Chromatin: receiver and quarterback for cellular signals
David G Johnson1, Sharon Y R Dent
1Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA.
Cell
|February 5, 2013
Summary
Signal transduction pathways regulate gene expression via transcription factors and chromatin modifications. Histone modifications offer rapid responses for urgent cellular processes, acting beyond just gene transcription.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology
- Epigenetics
Background:
- Signal transduction pathways influence gene expression through transcription factors.
- Chromatin modifications are recruited by transcription factors.
- Chromatin's role extends beyond gene regulation, participating in rapid cellular signaling.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the dynamic interplay between signal transduction, transcription factors, and chromatin modifications.
- To highlight the role of histone modifications in rapid cellular responses.
- To investigate how histone-modifying enzymes coordinate signaling to and from chromatin.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on signal transduction and epigenetics.
- Analysis of the mechanisms of histone modification in response to cellular signals.
- Examination of the non-histone substrates of histone-modifying enzymes.
Main Results:
- Chromatin modifications serve as a crucial interface for signal transduction pathways.
- Histone modifications enable rapid cellular responses, complementing slower transcriptional changes.
- Histone-modifying enzymes can act as signaling hubs, directing information flow.
Conclusions:
- Histone modifications are key mediators of rapid cellular responses to external signals.
- The function of chromatin extends to immediate signaling events, not just gene regulation.
- Histone-modifying enzymes possess a dual role in regulating chromatin and non-histone targets for signal integration.
Related Concept Videos
01:41Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors
9.9K
Signal sequences are short amino acid sequences that guide newly synthesized proteins to their proper location within the cell. Classical signal sequences are fifteen to sixty amino acids long and present at the N-terminus of a polypeptide chain. Each signal sequence has a conserved segment of basic residues towards their N terminus, a hydrophobic core, and a C-terminus rich in polar residues. The C-terminus also contains a signal cleavage site and features a -3 -1 sequence motif. The -3-1...
9.9K
01:07Cell Signaling Feedback Loops
5.9K
Positive and negative feedback loops are crucial for regulating biological signaling systems. These feedback loops are processes that connect output signals to their inputs.
Negative feedback loops
Most signaling systems have negative feedback loops that can perform different functions such as output limiter, and adaptation.
Output limiter
Upon receiving an input signal, the cellular response rapidly increases until a threshold is reached. Beyond this threshold, a negative feedback loop...
Negative feedback loops
Most signaling systems have negative feedback loops that can perform different functions such as output limiter, and adaptation.
Output limiter
Upon receiving an input signal, the cellular response rapidly increases until a threshold is reached. Beyond this threshold, a negative feedback loop...
5.9K
01:14Clamper Circuit
1.3K
A clamper circuit, also known as a DC restorer, represents a specialized variant of the rectifier circuit, notable for its method of taking the output across the diode rather than the capacitor. This configuration lends to several distinctive applications, particularly in handling square wave inputs.
Within this circuit, the diode's orientation prompts the capacitor to charge up to the level of the most negative peak of the input signal. Upon reaching this state, the diode ceases to...
Within this circuit, the diode's orientation prompts the capacitor to charge up to the level of the most negative peak of the input signal. Upon reaching this state, the diode ceases to...
1.3K
01:26Signal and System
1.8K
A signal x(t) is a set of data or a time function representing a variable of interest. Signals typically convey information about a phenomenon, such as atmospheric temperature, humidity, human voice, television images, a dog's bark, or birdsongs. More generally, a signal can be a function of more than one independent variable. For instance, images depend on horizontal and vertical positions and can be regarded as two-dimensional signals. However, this text will focus on one-dimensional...
1.8K
01:20Differential Relays
986
Differential relays are used to protect generators, buses, and transformers by comparing electrical quantities at different points. When a fault occurs, the difference in current between the two points triggers the relay to operate, opening the circuit breaker. Under normal conditions, the current entering (i1) and leaving (i2) a generator are equal. When a fault occurs, however, these currents become unequal, and the difference current flows in the relay operating coil, causing the relay to...
986
01:21Pilot and Numeric Relaying
589
Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
589