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Updated: May 14, 2026

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How much vector control is needed to achieve malaria elimination?

Jill N Ulrich1, Diana P Naranjo, Temitope O Alimi

  • 1Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA. j.ulrich1@umiami.edu

Trends in Parasitology
|February 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

National Malaria Control Programs (NMCPs) struggle with malaria elimination goals. Reducing the annual entomological inoculation rate (EIR) to below one infectious bite per person is key for effective vector control and achieving malaria elimination.

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Vector Control

Background:

  • National Malaria Control Programs (NMCPs) face challenges in achieving malaria elimination by 2015.
  • Current vector control strategies often underperform, leaving NMCPs uncertain about the required intensity of interventions.
  • There is a need to understand the relationship between vector exposure and disease burden to guide control efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the necessary level of vector control for malaria elimination.
  • To elucidate the relationship between the entomological inoculation rate (EIR) and key epidemiological measures of malaria.
  • To provide guidance for NMCPs on optimizing vector control strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the relationship between the entomological inoculation rate (EIR) and four epidemiological indicators of malaria.

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  • Evaluation of current vector control program effectiveness.
  • Identification of transmission hotspots requiring targeted interventions.

    • Main Results:

    • The entomological inoculation rate (EIR) is a critical metric for assessing malaria transmission intensity.
    • Reducing the annual EIR to less than one infectious bite per person is proposed as a target for malaria elimination.
    • Understanding EIR-epidemiological measure relationships can guide intervention strategies.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective vector control requires a clear understanding of transmission dynamics, specifically the EIR.
    • NMCPs must actively monitor and evaluate EIRs to identify and address transmission foci.
    • Achieving malaria elimination necessitates reducing the annual EIR to a minimal level, indicating successful vector control.