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Related Concept Videos

Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which result in visible changes...
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
Commonly used reporter...
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics
09:40

Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics

Published on: January 25, 2019

Fusion genes and their discovery using high throughput sequencing.

M J Annala1, B C Parker, W Zhang

  • 1Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland.

Cancer Letters
|February 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fusion genes, formed from combined genes, drive cancer development. Identifying these cancer-specific fusion genes is crucial for targeted therapies and diagnostics, aided by high-throughput sequencing.

Keywords:
CancerFusion geneHigh throughput sequencing

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Targeted RNA Sequencing Assay to Characterize Gene Expression and Genomic Alterations

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics
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Published on: January 25, 2019

Competitive Genomic Screens of Barcoded Yeast Libraries
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Competitive Genomic Screens of Barcoded Yeast Libraries

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Targeted RNA Sequencing Assay to Characterize Gene Expression and Genomic Alterations
11:52

Targeted RNA Sequencing Assay to Characterize Gene Expression and Genomic Alterations

Published on: August 4, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Fusion genes are hybrid genes resulting from chromosomal rearrangements or abnormal transcription.
  • They play a critical role in malignant transformation and cancer progression.
  • Their cancer-specific nature makes them valuable therapeutic and diagnostic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history and formation of fusion genes in cancer.
  • To elucidate the impact of fusion genes on cellular function.
  • To describe computational methods for detecting fusion genes and associated errors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of fusion gene research.
  • Description of molecular mechanisms of fusion gene formation.
  • Explanation of computational approaches for fusion gene detection from high-throughput sequencing data.

Main Results:

  • Fusion genes are significant drivers of various human cancers.
  • High-throughput sequencing facilitates systematic discovery of fusion genes.
  • Understanding fusion gene formation and detection is key to minimizing false discoveries.

Conclusions:

  • Fusion genes are pivotal in cancer biology, offering targets for therapy and diagnostics.
  • Computational tools are essential for identifying fusion genes from sequencing data.
  • Awareness of potential errors in detection is critical for accurate results.