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Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System

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Low temperature water based electrolytes for MnO2/carbon supercapacitors.

Alexander J Roberts¹, Angela F Danil de Namor, Robert C T Slade

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK. A.Roberts@Surrey.ac.uk

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP

|February 5, 2013

Summary

New aqueous electrolytes with ethylene glycol enable supercapacitors to operate at -30 °C. These advanced electrolytes maintain liquid phase, offering over 30 F g(-1) specific capacitance and good cycleability in low-temperature energy storage.

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Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Materials Science
Energy Storage

Background:

Supercapacitors are crucial for energy storage.
Developing electrolytes for low-temperature operation is challenging.
Aqueous electrolytes often freeze at sub-zero temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate novel aqueous-based electrolyte systems for supercapacitors at low temperatures (-30 °C).
To investigate the performance of birnessite nanotubes and activated carbon electrodes in these electrolytes.
To determine the feasibility of low-temperature supercapacitor operation using these new systems.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of supercapacitor cells using birnessite nanotubes and activated carbon electrodes.
Formulation of aqueous electrolytes with ethylene glycol and various sulfate salts (sodium, lithium, potassium, ammonium).
Electrochemical testing, including capacitance and cycleability measurements, at -30 °C.

Main Results:

Ethylene glycol addition maintained electrolyte liquidity at -30 °C.
Supercapacitors operated effectively at -30 °C.
Achieved specific capacitance exceeding 30 F g(-1).
Demonstrated good cycleability at low temperatures.

Conclusions:

Novel aqueous electrolytes with ethylene glycol are suitable for low-temperature supercapacitor applications.
Birnessite nanotubes and activated carbon electrodes perform well in these electrolytes at -30 °C.
This research enables reliable energy storage solutions in cold environments.