Vertigo. A neurobiological review

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Otolaryngology

Background:

• Dizziness is a frequent clinical complaint with diverse underlying pathologies.
• Patient perception of dizziness varies, encompassing true vertigo, syncope, and cerebrovascular events.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the neurobiological basis of vertigo.
• To discuss benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).
• To outline diagnostic and management strategies for acute dizziness.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of neurobiological mechanisms of vertigo.
• Analysis of common vertigo syndromes, focusing on BPPV.
• Discussion of clinical approaches for patient localization and acute management.

Main Results:

• Vertigo arises from complex neurobiological pathways.
• Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is a common and treatable cause of vertigo.
• Systematic evaluation aids in localizing the cause of acute dizziness.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the neurobiology of dizziness is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
• Effective management strategies exist for common vertigo syndromes like BPPV.
• A structured approach improves patient outcomes in acute dizziness presentations.