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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
09:36

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

Published on: April 10, 2018

Developmental changes in the transcriptome of human cerebral cortex tissue: long noncoding RNA transcripts.

Leonard Lipovich1, Adi L Tarca, Juan Cai

  • 1Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|February 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers studied long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) gene expression in the developing human neocortex. They found eight lncRNA genes with unique developmental patterns, potentially linked to human brain evolution and function.

Keywords:
gene expressionhumanin vivolong noncoding RNAneocortex

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
09:36

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

Published on: April 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The human neocortex undergoes prolonged development, crucial for learning.
  • The molecular mechanisms behind postnatal brain development are not fully understood.
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a newly discovered class of genes with potential roles in human neural evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression changes with age in the human neocortex.
  • To explore the potential link between lncRNA developmental patterns and known brain development trends (synaptogenesis, myelination, energetics).

Main Methods:

  • Quantified expression levels of approximately 6000 lncRNAs.
  • Analyzed 36 surgically resected human neocortical samples from infancy to adulthood.
  • Examined lncRNA gene sequences for primate-specific features.

Main Results:

  • Identified 8 lncRNA genes exhibiting distinct developmental expression patterns.
  • Found that these specific lncRNA genes possess anthropoid-specific exons and primate-specific regulatory sequences.
  • This study provides the first description of lncRNA developmental expression profiles in in vivo human brain tissue.

Conclusions:

  • Specific lncRNAs show developmental regulation in the human neocortex.
  • These lncRNAs may have evolved uniquely in primates and humans, contributing to neural properties.
  • Further research is needed to understand the functional roles of these lncRNAs in neural development and energy metabolism.