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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
09:06

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

MicroRNAs in human cancer.

Thalia A Farazi1, Jessica I Hoell, Pavel Morozov

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|February 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs regulating gene expression. Dysregulation of these molecules in cancer offers potential as therapeutic targets and biomarkers.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Mature microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded RNA molecules (20-23 nucleotides) crucial for gene expression regulation.
  • miRNAs typically decrease messenger RNA (mRNA) translation and stability, impacting cellular processes like apoptosis, inflammation, and cell cycle regulation.
  • Aberrant miRNA expression is implicated in various cancers, affecting tumorigenesis pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a critical overview of microRNA dysregulation in cancer.
  • To examine alterations in miRNA genomic organization, biogenesis, and target recognition during tumorigenesis.
  • To discuss the potential of miRNAs as therapeutic targets and biomarkers in cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current methodologies for studying miRNA roles in cancer.

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miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues
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miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

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MicroRNA Detection in Prostate Tumors by Quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR)

Published on: May 16, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
09:06

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues
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miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

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MicroRNA Detection in Prostate Tumors by Quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR)
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MicroRNA Detection in Prostate Tumors by Quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR)

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  • Examination of miRNA genomic organization and biogenesis pathways.
  • Analysis of miRNA-mRNA target recognition mechanisms, particularly in the 3' UTR.

    • Main Results:

    • miRNA targeting involves specific base-pairing, primarily at the 5' seed region of the miRNA and mRNA sites.
    • Target sites in the 3' UTR of mRNAs are more effective in promoting mRNA destabilization.
    • miRNA regulatory networks are complex due to miRNAs targeting hundreds of mRNAs.

    Conclusions:

    • Altered miRNA processes are integral to tumorigenesis.
    • Disease-specific miRNA expression patterns highlight their critical role in cancer.
    • miRNAs represent promising candidates for novel cancer biomarkers and therapeutic interventions.