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Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

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Locked-in syndrome.

Michael S Cardwell

|February 5, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Locked-in syndrome is a rare condition causing paralysis but preserving consciousness. This review details its causes, diagnosis, and management for better patient outcomes.

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Published on: July 21, 2013

Area of Science:

Neuropsychology
Neurology

Background:

Locked-in syndrome is a rare neuropsychological disorder characterized by quadriplegia and cranial nerve paralysis, with preserved consciousness.
Vertical eye movements are typically spared, allowing for a unique form of communication.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, neuropsychological assessment, rehabilitation, and prognosis of locked-in syndrome.
To provide a comprehensive overview of this complex neurological condition.

Main Methods:

Literature review of locked-in syndrome.
Discussion of clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and etiological factors.
Exploration of assessment, rehabilitation strategies, and patient prognosis.

Main Results:

Locked-in syndrome presents with severe motor impairment but intact cognition.
Differential diagnosis is crucial, distinguishing it from conditions like persistent vegetative state and minimally conscious states.
Etiologies are diverse, including vascular events, tumors, infections, trauma, and metabolic issues.

Conclusions:

Accurate diagnosis and understanding of etiologies are key to managing locked-in syndrome.
Multidisciplinary rehabilitation and supportive care are essential for improving quality of life.
Prognosis varies depending on the underlying cause and management effectiveness.