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Clinical update on genetic and autoimmune biomarkers in pediatric diabetes

M Rebecca O'Connor1, Ardith Doorenbos, Joachim Voss

  • 11School of Nursing, Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Biological Research for Nursing
|February 5, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Understanding diabetes in youth is crucial. This review covers genetic and autoimmune biomarkers for diagnosing Type 1, Type 2, and monogenic diabetes, aiding treatment decisions.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Diabetes in youth under 20 presents diverse etiological factors.
  • Distinguishing between diabetes types in pediatric populations is clinically significant.
  • Advances in genetics and immunology impact diabetes diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the etiology of diabetes types in individuals under 20 years old.
  • To describe diabetes-related genetic and autoimmune biomarkers.
  • To assist healthcare providers in explaining complex diabetes information to patients and families.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of PubMed for reviews on diabetes in youth (2008-2011).
  • Inclusion of 19 relevant reviews focusing on etiology, epidemiology, genetics, pathogenesis, or immunology.
  • Synthesis of current literature on diabetes biomarkers and types.

Main Results:

  • Type 1 diabetes is the most common form in youth under 20.
  • Other diabetes types in youth include Type 2, monogenic, and secondary diabetes.
  • Genetic and autoimmune biomarkers aid in risk assessment and diagnosis for Type 1 and monogenic diabetes, informing treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Determining the etiology, risk, diagnosis, and treatment for pediatric diabetes is increasingly complex.
  • Healthcare providers need to explain intricate genetic and autoimmune biomarkers for diabetes risk, diagnosis, and treatment options.
  • Accurate diagnosis based on biomarkers is essential for optimal therapeutic strategies in youth with diabetes.
Abstract

Keywords:
autoantibodiesbiomarkersgeneticsmonogenic diabetestype 1 diabetesyouth

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