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Updated: May 14, 2026
06:35
An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
Published on: February 8, 2019
Giant cell tumor of bone.
Kevin A Raskin1, Joseph H Schwab, Henry J Mankin
1Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
|February 5, 2013
Summary
Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a benign bone lesion characterized by giant cells. Treatment typically involves surgery, with medical therapies like denosumab offering alternatives for complex cases.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic Oncology
- Bone Pathology
Background:
- Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a distinct benign mesenchymal tumor.
- Characterized by multinuclear giant cells and active mononuclear stromal cells.
- Typically affects epiphyseal regions of long bones, with the sacrum as a secondary site.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the characteristics, diagnosis, and management of GCT of bone.
- To highlight the role of imaging in staging and grading.
- To discuss current and emerging treatment modalities.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical presentation and radiographic findings.
- Discussion of surgical and medical treatment options.
- Analysis of recurrence rates and management strategies.
Main Results:
- GCTs commonly present in the third and fourth decades with pain and swelling.
- Imaging reveals slow-growing, well-defined tumors, rarely metastasizing.
- Intralesional curettage is the primary treatment, with recurrence in ≤20% of cases.
Conclusions:
- Early detection and surgical intervention are key for GCT of bone.
- Medical therapies, including denosumab, are valuable for recurrent or advanced disease.
- Multifocal, recurrent, or axial GCT may benefit from combined medical and radiation therapy.
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