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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a membrane...
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Dual-color Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy for the Visualization of Interactions between Mitochondria and Lysosomes
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Mitochondria and the lectin pathway of complement.

Christel R Brinkmann1, Lisbeth Jensen1, Frederik Dagnæs-Hansen1

  • 1Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|February 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The lectin pathway of complement recognizes mitochondria, potentially clearing them without inflammation. This study reveals the lectin pathway

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Complement System

Background:

  • Mitochondria, originating from eubacterial endosymbionts, retain bacterial features.
  • Released mitochondria during tissue damage can trigger inappropriate immune responses.
  • The innate immune system, including the lectin complement pathway, plays a role in recognizing cellular components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the lectin pathway of complement in recognizing mitochondria.
  • To determine if lectin pathway components mediate homeostatic clearance or inflammatory reactions to mitochondria.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro and in vivo studies using soluble pattern recognition molecules like mannan-binding lectin (MBL), L-ficolin, and M-ficolin.
  • Assessed complement activation by measuring C4 deposition on mitochondria.
  • Evaluated C3 consumption in vivo following mitochondrial challenge.

Main Results:

  • MBL, L-ficolin, and M-ficolin recognized mitochondria in vitro.
  • MBL-MASP-2 complex activated the lectin pathway, depositing C4 onto mitochondria.
  • In vivo, C3 consumption occurred after mitochondrial challenge without overt inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • The lectin pathway, via MBL, L-ficolin, and M-ficolin, recognizes mitochondria.
  • Complement activation by mitochondria suggests a role in either homeostatic clearance or inflammation.
  • Evidence indicates complement's involvement in non-inflammatory mitochondrial clearance.