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Related Concept Videos

Integrins01:10

Integrins

Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
Some ECM proteins assemble into a basement membrane to which the remaining components adhere. Proteoglycans typically form the bulk of the ECM while fibrous proteins, like collagen,...
Activation of Integrins01:15

Activation of Integrins

Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding events provide an effective stimulus.
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Anchoring Junctions01:03

Anchoring Junctions

Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
Selectins01:25

Selectins

Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...
Desmosomes01:05

Desmosomes

The term desmosome derives from the Greek words "desmo" and "soma" meaning "adhesion bodies." This structure was first observed during the late 1800s and described as small, dense nodules in the epidermis. Desmosomes are button-like structures that help form an interlinked network of intermediate filaments across the cells. These junctions are  essential to hold cells together under mechanical stress and to maintain tissue integrity. Desmosomes are multi-protein complexes comprising desmosomal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Integration Free Derivation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Laminin 521 Matrix
10:48

Integration Free Derivation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Laminin 521 Matrix

Published on: July 7, 2017

Specific integrin expression is associated with podosome-like structures on mesodermal progenitor cells.

Simone Pacini1, Rita Fazzi, Marina Montali

  • 1Hematology Division, Department of Oncology, Transplants and New Advances in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. simone.pacini@do.unipi.it

Stem Cells and Development
|February 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have distinct adhesion properties. MPCs interact with endothelium, while MSCs show matrix remodeling capabilities, suggesting different functional roles in distinct differentiation stages.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Stem Cell Research

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous population with multipotent differentiation capabilities.
  • A distinct precursor population, mesodermal progenitor cells (MPCs), has been identified within MSC cultures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the distinct adhesive and functional properties of MPCs and MSCs.
  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying their differential interactions with endothelial cells.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of integrin and adhesion molecule expression in MPCs and MSCs.
  • Assessment of cell adhesion and motility assays on endothelial cells.
  • Analysis of CXCR4 expression on MPCs.

Main Results:

  • MPCs demonstrated interaction with both activated and non-activated endothelium.
  • MSCs exhibited focal adhesion complex activation, increased motility, and reduced endothelial adhesion, suggesting matrix remodeling.
  • Consistent CXCR4 expression was observed on MPCs.

Conclusions:

  • MPCs and MSCs possess distinct phenotypic and functional characteristics related to their differentiation stages.
  • Differential expression of adhesion molecules and receptors like CXCR4 may dictate their specific roles in tissue repair and regeneration.