Concurrent Takayasu arteritis with common variable immunodeficiency and moyamoya disease

Takayasu arteritis is a rare, chronic form of large vessel vasculitis that characteristically involves the aorta and its branches. Its origin and disease process are currently unknown, although T lymphocytes and, most recently, B cells are thought to play a role. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a collection of heterogeneous disorders resulting in an antibody deficiency and recurrent infections, and is the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency disorder. This report presents a unique case of possible Takayasu arteritis with a history of CVID in a young man admitted with multiple cerebrovascular accidents. Takayasu arteritis may serve as the main cause of this presentation. The rarity of this case is further accentuated by the presence of moyamoya disease. Finally, the possible disease process and novel treatment of Takayasu arteritis is discussed briefly.