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Related Concept Videos

Bioreactor Controls-I01:28

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Maintaining optimal conditions within fermenters is essential for maximizing microbial productivity and ensuring process efficiency. This lesson focuses on key parameters—temperature, foam, pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pressure—and their precise measurement and control strategies in fermentation systems.Temperature ControlTemperature regulation is critical due to the exothermic nature of many fermentation processes. In small laboratory fermenters, temperature is commonly monitored using...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Scalable Fabrication of Stretchable, Dual Channel, Microfluidic Organ Chips
14:44

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Published on: October 20, 2018

Engineering challenges for instrumenting and controlling integrated organ-on-chip systems.

John P Wikswo1, Frank E Block, David E Cliffel

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1807, USA. john.wikswo@vanderbilt.edu

IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
|February 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers are developing advanced microfluidic human organ systems for drug development and systems biology. These microHuman (μHu) and milliHuman (mHu) systems aim to improve physiological realism and accelerate scientific discovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Systems Biology
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Recent advances in microfabrication enable sophisticated organs-on-chips and human organ constructs.
  • These technologies facilitate the design of scaled, interconnected organ systems for enhanced drug development and systems biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer physiologically realistic live microHuman (μHu) and milliHuman (mHu) systems for extended operation (weeks to months).
  • To address key engineering challenges in creating functional, scaled organ systems for research and development.

Main Methods:

  • Developing low-volume microdevices with capabilities for chemical signaling, microfluidic pumps, and valves.
  • Integrating automated optical microscopy, electrochemical sensors, and ion mobility-mass spectrometry for real-time analysis.
  • Utilizing advanced bioinformatics and machine learning for automated model inference and system control.

Main Results:

  • Engineering challenges include determining organ size, cell density, perfusion media, physiological sensing, and system control.
  • Maintaining precise fluid scaling for both μHu (~5 μL) and mHu (~5 mL) systems.
  • Building functional prototype components for eventual top-down system integration.

Conclusions:

  • Successful μHu and mHu systems require a multidisciplinary approach integrating microfluidics, advanced sensing, and AI.
  • These systems hold significant potential to augment the drug development pipeline and advance systems biology research.
  • Ongoing work focuses on component prototyping and system integration to achieve functional organ systems.