Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Encoding01:19

Encoding

Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
Storage01:23

Storage

A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of information more...
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Implicit imagery tasks facilitate learning in declarative memory: Congruence between imagery modality and verb type enhances recognition.

Memory & cognition·2026
Same author

Relative contribution of associative memory and working memory to subjective organisation in aging.

Memory (Hove, England)·2026
Same author

Autistic traits and cognitive functions: A cross-sectional study from younger to older adulthood.

Acta psychologica·2025
Same author

Enhancing memory through physical activity: beneficial effect on internal memory strategy use in older adults.

Psychological research·2025
Same author

Cognitive and Cerebral Aging Research in Autism: A Systematic Review on an Emerging Topic.

Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research·2025
Same author

Kinematic observation benefits from motor repertoire in episodic memory: a study in young and older adults.

Psychological research·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

Neural correlates of encoding processes predicting subsequent cued recall and source memory.

Lucie Angel1, Michel Isingrini, Badiâa Bouazzaoui

  • 1University François Rabelais of Tours, UMR CNRS 7295 CeRCA (Research Center on Cognition and Learning) and IFR 135, Functional Imaging, France. lucie.angel@univ-tours.fr

Neuroreport
|February 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Neural activity during word encoding differs for predicting successful recall versus source memory retrieval. Event-related potentials reveal distinct patterns for memory recall and source memory, indicating a clear dissociation.

More Related Videos

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory
08:16

Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory

Published on: May 11, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory
08:16

Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory

Published on: May 11, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroscience of Memory

Background:

  • Understanding the neural basis of memory encoding is crucial for cognitive neuroscience.
  • Differentiating neural processes for item recall versus source memory is an ongoing research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if neural correlates of encoding differ for subsequent successful recall versus successful source memory retrieval.
  • To identify distinct event-related potential (ERP) patterns associated with different memory outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Participants studied word lists, memorizing both words and their associated lists.
  • At test, participants completed word stems and judged the original list (temporal context).
  • Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during encoding and analyzed for subsequent memory effects (SMEs).

Main Results:

  • A cued recall SME was observed on parietal sites (400-1200 ms) and a late inverted frontal SME (1200-1400 ms).
  • A distinct source memory SME was found on frontal areas (400-1400 ms).
  • These findings indicate dissociated encoding-related neural activity for recall and source memory.

Conclusions:

  • Encoding processes predicting successful recall and source memory retrieval involve distinct neural patterns.
  • Event-related potentials provide valuable insights into the dissociation of memory systems during encoding.