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The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
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Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
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Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

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Updated: May 14, 2026

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
03:26

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Published on: August 28, 2020

Detrusor overactivity in Becker muscular dystrophy.

Matthew D Smith, Jai H Seth, Michael G Hanna

    Muscle & Nerve
    |February 6, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary

    Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) can affect bladder control, leading to urinary urgency and incontinence in affected individuals. This case highlights the importance of considering neurological conditions in patients with unexplained voiding dysfunction.

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    Published on: August 18, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Urology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is a genetic neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness.
    • While primarily affecting skeletal muscles, systemic manifestations can occur.

    Observation:

    • A 20-year-old male with genetically confirmed Becker muscular dystrophy presented with a 5-year history of urinary urgency and incontinence.
    • The patient experienced frequent daytime urination (10 times daily) with associated urgency and incontinence.
    • He maintained independent ambulation and activities of daily living, with no reported voiding difficulties, pain, or history of urinary tract infections.

    Findings:

    • This case suggests a potential association between Becker muscular dystrophy and lower urinary tract symptoms, specifically urgency and incontinence.
    • The absence of other urological or neurological deficits points towards a potential direct or indirect impact of BMD on bladder function.

    Implications:

    • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms linking Becker muscular dystrophy to neurogenic bladder dysfunction.
    • Urologists and neurologists should consider screening for Becker muscular dystrophy in patients presenting with unexplained urinary urgency and incontinence.
    • Early recognition and management of bladder dysfunction in BMD patients can improve quality of life.