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Updated: May 14, 2026
08:25
Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling
Published on: April 7, 2015
Primary Streptococcus pneumoniae pericarditis
Matthew N Peters1, Kathleen S Hesterman, Morgan J Katz
1Department of Internal Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)
|February 6, 2013
Summary
Bacterial pericarditis, often fatal and difficult to diagnose, is rarely caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in immunocompetent individuals. This case highlights a rare instance of primary S. pneumoniae pericarditis successfully treated with antibiotics and drainage.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Cardiology
- Bacteriology
Background:
- Bacterial pericarditis is a rare but serious condition, often fatal and difficult to diagnose antemortem due to its infrequent occurrence and rapid progression.
- Historically, Streptococcus pneumoniae was the primary cause, but it now predominantly affects immunocompromised individuals with a known infection site.
- The decline in S. pneumoniae as a cause is linked to widespread vaccination and improved treatments for pneumococcal infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report a rare case of primary Streptococcus pneumoniae pericarditis in an immunocompetent adult.
- To discuss the diagnostic challenges and clinical presentation of this uncommon infection.
- To emphasize the importance of considering S. pneumoniae in the differential diagnosis of bacterial pericarditis, even in immunocompetent patients.
Main Methods:
- Case report of a 45-year-old immunocompetent male presenting with symptoms suggestive of pericarditis.
- Clinical evaluation including diagnostic imaging and laboratory tests to identify the causative agent.
- Therapeutic intervention involving pericardial fluid drainage and antibiotic administration.
Main Results:
- The patient developed cardiac tamponade, a life-threatening complication requiring urgent management.
- Cultures confirmed Streptococcus pneumoniae as the causative pathogen, establishing a primary pericarditis diagnosis.
- The patient experienced rapid clinical improvement and symptom resolution after pericardial drainage and targeted antibiotic therapy.
Conclusions:
- Primary Streptococcus pneumoniae pericarditis can occur in immunocompetent individuals, challenging the current understanding of its epidemiology.
- Prompt diagnosis, pericardial drainage, and appropriate antibiotic treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes.
- This case underscores the need for vigilance in diagnosing bacterial pericarditis, irrespective of the patient's immune status.
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