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Related Concept Videos

Action Potential01:14

Action Potential

Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...

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Related Experiment Video

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DTI of the Visual Pathway - White Matter Tracts and Cerebral Lesions
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Published on: August 26, 2014

Processing pathways in mental arithmetic--evidence from probabilistic fiber tracking.

Elise Klein1, Korbinian Moeller, Volkmar Glauche

  • 1Section Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. e.klein@iwm-kmrc.de

Plos One
|February 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mental calculation involves distinct brain networks for number fact retrieval and magnitude processing. These networks, comprising dorsal and ventral connections, are largely separate but functionally integrated for mathematical tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Mathematical Cognition

Background:

  • Numerical cognition relies on distributed brain processing across multiple cortical areas.
  • The specific anatomo-functional connections and integration within dorsal/ventral streams remain unclear.
  • Differentiating neural bases for fact retrieval versus magnitude manipulation in arithmetic is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate neural correlates and connectivity for easy (fact retrieval) and difficult (magnitude manipulation) addition problems.
  • To investigate the integration of these distinct processing routes within established dorsal and ventral stream frameworks.
  • To associate these neural processes with specific cognitive strategies in healthy adults.

Main Methods:

  • Combined re-analysis of published functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data.
  • Utilized probabilistic fiber tracking from an independent sample to assess anatomical connectivity.
  • Employed parametric analysis of brain activation to reveal functional integration.

Main Results:

  • Identified two largely separate neural networks for magnitude processing and fact retrieval.
  • Both networks involve distinct dorsal and ventral connections, differing in activation localization and inter-areal connectivity.
  • Parametric analysis demonstrated functional integration of these distinct networks during mental calculation.

Conclusions:

  • Magnitude and fact retrieval rely on distinct, though anatomically overlapping, neural networks.
  • These networks are characterized by specific dorsal and ventral connectivity patterns.
  • Despite anatomical distinctions, these networks function as an integrated circuit for mental arithmetic.