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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Volumes01:15

Respiratory Volumes

Respiratory volumes are crucial metrics, meticulously measured to quantify the air exchanged in and out of the lungs during various phases of the breathing cycle. These precise measurements are vital for assessing lung function, diagnosing respiratory conditions, and monitoring overall respiratory health. Each parameter provides specific insights into the mechanics of breathing and the functional capacity of the lungs.
Tidal Volume (TV) Tidal volume (TV) is the air inhaled or exhaled in a...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
Lung Capacity01:47

Lung Capacity

The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities01:22

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities

The respiratory system is responsible for the intake of oxygen and the expulsion of carbon dioxide from the body. Respiratory volumes describe the volume of air in the lungs at different phases of the respiratory cycle. Tidal volume is the air breathed in and out during normal, quiet breathing. Inspiratory reserve volume is the air that can be forcefully inspired beyond the tidal volume. In contrast, expiratory reserve volume refers to the air that can be expelled from the lungs after a normal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise
07:09

Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise

Published on: February 20, 2017

Lung volume recruitment in multiple sclerosis.

Nadim Srour1, Carole LeBlanc, Judy King

  • 1The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. nsrour@ohri.ca

Plos One
|February 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple sclerosis patients experience significant declines in lung function and peak cough flow. Lung volume recruitment may slow this decline, improving airway clearance and reducing infection risk.

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Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pulmonology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) can cause pulmonary function abnormalities, including reduced forced vital capacity (FVC) and cough.
  • Peak cough flow (PCF) is critical for airway clearance in MS patients with respiratory muscle weakness, and low PCF increases infection risk.
  • Lung volume recruitment (LVR) is a technique to improve PCF by maximizing lung inflation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the rate of decline in pulmonary function and PCF in MS patients.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of LVR in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 79 MS patients at a respiratory neuromuscular rehabilitation clinic (1999-2010).
  • LVR was initiated for patients with FVC <80% predicted.
  • Twice-daily LVR was prescribed if significant laboratory improvement was observed.

Main Results:

  • 82% of patients had baseline FVC <80% predicted; 80% had insufficient PCF.
  • Significant annual declines were observed: FVC (122.6 mL/y) and PCF (192 mL/s/y).
  • LVR was associated with a slower decline in both FVC (p<0.0001) and PCF (p=0.042).

Conclusions:

  • Pulmonary function and cough significantly decline over time in select MS patients.
  • LVR is associated with a slower rate of decline in lung function and PCF.
  • Further studies are needed to confirm LVR's role in MS management due to study limitations.