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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

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Dynamics and Thermodynamics beyond the critical point.

F A Gorelli¹, T Bryk, M Krisch

¹IPCF-CNR, UOS Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy.

Scientific Reports

|February 6, 2013

Summary

Supercritical fluids exhibit complex dynamics, with sound propagation revealing a distinct crossover between gas-like and liquid-like behaviors. This dynamic line challenges traditional thermodynamics, indicating a richer supercritical state than previously understood.

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Area of Science:

Thermodynamics
Fluid Dynamics
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Thermodynamics defines a single phase beyond the critical point.
Supercritical fluids possess unique properties between gas and liquid states.
Understanding supercritical fluid dynamics is crucial for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the dynamical properties of a supercritical fluid model.
To identify and characterize dynamic crossovers in the supercritical region.
To explore the complexity of the supercritical state beyond established thermodynamic notions.

Main Methods:

Simulating a supercritical fluid model across a range of pressures and temperatures.
Analyzing sound propagation in the Terahertz frequency region.
Identifying dynamic crossovers along isotherms.

Main Results:

Observed sudden changes in dynamical properties as a function of pressure and temperature.
Detected a sharp dynamic crossover between gas-like and liquid-like regimes.
Found an interplay between acoustic and heat waves at low densities.
Determined a dynamic line in the phase diagram correlated with thermodynamic observables.

Conclusions:

The supercritical state is significantly more complex than previously assumed.
A dynamic line can be defined, reflecting complex behavior.
Sound propagation measurements reveal distinct dynamic regimes in supercritical fluids.