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Related Concept Videos

Attitudes01:54

Attitudes

Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. We have attitudes for many things ranging from products that we might pick up in the supermarket to people around the world to political policies. Typically, attitudes are favorable or unfavorable: positive or negative (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). And, they have three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge;...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Non-Verbal Cues01:29

Non-Verbal Cues

Non-verbal communication extends beyond gestures and facial expressions to include vocal elements known as paralanguage. Paralanguage consists of non-verbal vocal cues such as pitch, loudness, speech rate, pauses, and non-verbal vocalizations like laughter, sighs, and moans. These elements not only accompany speech but also provide critical emotional and contextual information.The Role of Paralanguage in CommunicationParalanguage adds depth to spoken language by conveying emotions and...
Theory of Attribution I: Correspondent Inference Theory01:15

Theory of Attribution I: Correspondent Inference Theory

Correspondent inference theory, proposed by Jones and Davis in 1965, seeks to explain how individuals infer stable personality traits from observed behaviors. It suggests that people attribute actions to underlying dispositions rather than external circumstances, particularly when the behavior appears intentional and socially significant.Voluntary Behavior and Dispositional AttributionAccording to this theory, individuals are more likely to attribute behavior to personal traits when it appears...
Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs. “eh”). Phonemes combine to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

Attitudinal prosody: what we know and directions for future study.

Rachel L C Mitchell1, Elliott D Ross

  • 1Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK. r.l.c.mitchell@dur.ac.uk

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|February 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Attitudinal prosody, conveyed through speech

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Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Neuroscience
  • Speech Communication

Background:

  • Prosody (pitch, duration, amplitude) offers nonverbal cues to a speaker's mental state.
  • Emotional prosody is well-studied, but attitudinal prosody warrants similar attention for understanding social cognition.
  • Attitudinal prosody conveys critical social constructs like confidence, persuasion, sarcasm, and superiority.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the nature of prosody and its role in conveying attitudes.
  • To identify the range of attitudes that can be communicated through prosody.
  • To explore the neuroanatomical underpinnings of attitudinal prosody.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review examining prosody, attitude conveyance, and neuroanatomy.
  • Synthesis of existing research on emotional and attitudinal prosody.
  • Hypothesizing the neural correlates of attitudinal prosody.

Main Results:

  • Prosody significantly influences the interpretation of spoken language beyond literal meaning.
  • Attitudinal prosody communicates complex social and emotional states.
  • A hypothesis is proposed for the right hemisphere's role in attitudinal prosody, involving specific cortical and subcortical regions.

Conclusions:

  • Attitudinal prosody is a crucial component of social cognition and communication.
  • The right cerebral hemisphere, particularly the posterior superior lateral temporal cortex, is hypothesized to be key.
  • Further research into the functional neuroanatomy of attitudinal prosody is essential for refining our understanding and classification of prosodic phenomena.