Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Birth Control Methods

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
Drugs in...

Ovarian Cycle

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...

Infertility in Females

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle. At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Individualised progesterone receptor modulator prevention strategies for triple-negative breast cancer in BRCA1 pathogenic variant carriers.

NPJ breast cancer·2026

Same author

Gender, violence, and killing: Revisiting femicide, and the overlooked realities of male victimization.

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics·2026

Same author

Immediate placement of intrauterine device after second-trimester medical abortion-Secondary outcomes with one-year follow-up.

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica·2026

Same author

Contraceptive effectiveness of a digital contraceptive with a wearable device vs an oral thermometer.

The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception·2026

Same author

Protocol for isolation and characterization of small extracellular vesicles from human menstrual fluid using size-exclusion chromatography.

STAR protocols·2026

Same author

Frozen versus fresh embryo transfer in low responders: a systematic review.

Fertility and sterility·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Auricular Point Acupressure Therapy: A Safe and Effective Treatment for Postsurgical Abortion Recovery

Auricular Point Acupressure Therapy: A Safe and Effective Treatment for Postsurgical Abortion Recovery

Published on: February 3, 2026

Emergency contraception.

P G L Lalitkumar¹, Cecilia Berger, Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson

¹Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet/WHO-Collaborating Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

|February 7, 2013

Summary

Emergency contraception (EC) options include copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) and hormonal pills. Ulipristal acetate (UPA) pills are most effective, but research is needed for specific populations and long-term use.

More Related Videos

Reproductive Techniques for Ovarian Monitoring and Control in Amphibians

Reproductive Techniques for Ovarian Monitoring and Control in Amphibians

Published on: May 12, 2019

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Auricular Point Acupressure Therapy: A Safe and Effective Treatment for Postsurgical Abortion Recovery

Auricular Point Acupressure Therapy: A Safe and Effective Treatment for Postsurgical Abortion Recovery

Published on: February 3, 2026

Reproductive Techniques for Ovarian Monitoring and Control in Amphibians

Reproductive Techniques for Ovarian Monitoring and Control in Amphibians

Published on: May 12, 2019

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

Area of Science:

Reproductive Health
Pharmacology

Background:

Emergency contraception (EC) is crucial for preventing unintended pregnancies.
Various methods exist, each with distinct efficacy and mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To review available EC methods, focusing on efficacy, side effects, and mechanisms.
To identify knowledge gaps and areas for future research in EC.

Main Methods:

Literature review of emergency contraception methods.
Analysis of efficacy, side effects, and mechanisms of action for different EC options.

Main Results:

Copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) are the most effective EC method and can be used for ongoing contraception.
Ulipristal acetate (UPA) is the most effective hormonal EC pill, likely due to superior follicular rupture prevention.
Levonorgestrel 1.5 mg is a widely used hormonal EC pill.

Conclusions:

Further research is needed to optimize EC for lactating and obese women.
Investigating UPA interactions with regular contraception and "bridging" strategies is essential.
Future EC efficacy improvements may come from methods targeting the endometrium.