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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
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Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Chemical Vapor Deposition of an Organic Magnet, Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene
08:25

Chemical Vapor Deposition of an Organic Magnet, Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene

Published on: July 3, 2015

Non-volatile electrically-driven repeatable magnetization reversal with no applied magnetic field.

M Ghidini1, R Pellicelli, J L Prieto

  • 1Department of Materials Science, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK.

Nature Communications
|February 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers achieved repeatable magnetization reversal using only electrical control in a novel multilayer capacitor. This breakthrough demonstrates non-volatile magnetic switching, paving the way for advanced data storage technologies.

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Optimized Setup and Protocol for Magnetic Domain Imaging with In Situ Hysteresis Measurement
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Chemical Vapor Deposition of an Organic Magnet, Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene
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Optimized Setup and Protocol for Magnetic Domain Imaging with In Situ Hysteresis Measurement
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Published on: November 7, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Achieving repeatable magnetization reversal via purely electrical control is a key challenge in magnetoelectric devices.
  • Strain-mediated coupling between magnetostrictive and piezoelectric materials offers a potential pathway for electrical control of magnetism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate non-volatile, electrically driven, repeatable magnetization reversal in a multilayer capacitor with magnetostrictive Ni electrodes and piezoelectric BaTiO(3)-based dielectric layers.
  • To understand the underlying mechanism of electrically controlled magnetic switching using micromagnetic modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) was employed to study the magnetic properties of the multilayer capacitor.
  • Micromagnetic modeling was used to simulate and interpret the observed magnetization reversal dynamics.

Main Results:

  • A perpendicularly magnetized feature exhibiting non-volatile, electrically driven, repeatable magnetization reversal was observed without an external magnetic field.
  • The reversal was attributed to strain induced by voltage-driven ferroelectric switching, triggering dynamic precession.
  • The anisotropy field was reversed by the electrically driven magnetic switching, confirming its repeatability.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated non-volatile magnetic switching controlled by volatile ferroelectric switching in a multilayer capacitor.
  • This approach may lead to the development of fatigue-free devices for electric-write magnetic-read data storage.