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Pattern of congenital heart disease in Ilorin, Nigeria

P M Kolo1, P O Adeoye, A B Omotosho

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria. etsumanma@yahoo.com

The Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal
|February 7, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Congenital heart disease patterns in Nigeria show ventricular septal defect as most common, followed by atrial septal defect. Echocardiography improves diagnosis, but surgical access remains limited.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Echocardiography

Background:

  • Congenital heart disease (CHD) represents a significant global health concern.
  • Understanding the specific epidemiological patterns of CHD is crucial for targeted healthcare interventions.
  • Echocardiography plays a vital role in the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequencies and patterns of congenital heart lesions in Nigerian patients.
  • To analyze the demographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with congenital heart disease.
  • To contribute to the understanding of CHD epidemiology in the African region.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of patients undergoing echocardiography from May 2004 to April 2007.
  • Inclusion of patients diagnosed with congenital heart disease.
  • Analysis of lesion frequencies, sex ratio, and mean age.

Main Results:

  • Ventricular septal defect (VSD) was the most frequent lesion (27.6%).
  • Atrial septal defect (ASD) was the second most common (21.1%), followed by patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (13.1%) and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) (11.8%).
  • Other identified lesions included dextrocardia with situs inversus (6.6%) and bicuspid aortic valve (2.6%).

Conclusions:

  • The pattern of congenital heart lesions in this Nigerian cohort shows similarities to global data, with notable exceptions.
  • A higher frequency of atrial septal defect and a lower incidence of bicuspid aortic valve were observed compared to international reports.
  • Improved diagnostic capabilities through echocardiography in Nigeria are evident, though challenges in accessing surgical correction persist.
Abstract

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