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Updated: May 14, 2026

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
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Published on: August 12, 2013

q-plate for millimeter-wave orbital angular momentum manipulation.

Stefania Maccalli1, Giampaolo Pisano, Sergio Colafrancesco

  • 1Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. Stefania.Maccalli@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk

Applied Optics
|February 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Quasi-optical devices called q-plates, which manipulate light's orbital angular momentum, were manufactured using a cost-effective machining technique for millimeter wavelengths. Experimental results confirmed the q-plate’s ability to transform Gaussian beams as modeled.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Electromagnetism
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Quasi-optical devices, or q-plates, are essential for generating and detecting the orbital angular momentum (OAM) states of light.
  • Traditional manufacturing of such devices can be complex and expensive.
  • Millimeter-wave frequencies present unique challenges for optical component design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design, manufacture, and test a cost-effective q-plate operating at millimeter wavelengths (around 100 GHz).
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of using artificial birefringent materials created by machining grooves for q-plate fabrication.
  • To validate the performance of the manufactured q-plate by comparing experimental data with theoretical models.

Main Methods:

  • A novel manufacturing technique involving machining specific groove geometries into dielectric materials to create artificial birefringence.
  • Design and simulation of a q-plate for operation around 100 GHz.
  • Experimental testing using a vector network analyzer (VNA) to measure the device's performance.
  • Characterization of the intensity and phase transformations of an incident Gaussian beam.

Main Results:

  • Successful design and fabrication of a q-plate operating at approximately 100 GHz.
  • Experimental validation of the q-plate's ability to generate and detect OAM states.
  • The measured intensity and phase profiles of the transformed Gaussian beam closely matched the modeled predictions.

Conclusions:

  • A cost-effective method for producing millimeter-wave q-plates has been established using artificial birefringent materials.
  • The manufactured q-plate effectively transforms Gaussian beams, demonstrating its utility for OAM manipulation at these frequencies.
  • This technique offers a scalable and affordable approach for developing advanced quasi-optical devices.