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Updated: May 14, 2026

Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Published on: May 10, 2024
Esophageal human β-defensin expression in eosinophilic esophagitis
Shauna Schroeder1, Zachary D Robinson, Joanne C Masterson
1Department of Pediatrics, Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Background:
Defensins are antimicrobial peptides expressed on mucosal surfaces that contribute to maintaining intestinal homeostasis by providing innate defense mechanisms for the epithelia. Defensin expression is altered in a number of diseases that affect mucosal surfaces, such as atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Similar to atopic dermatitis, eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic disease in which the squamous epithelial surface is affected by a similar TH2 microenvironment and eosinophil-predominant inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that defensin expression would be decreased in EoE.
Methods:
To address this, we measured defensin expression in vitro in cell lines derived from patients with EoE (EoE1-T) or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (NES-G4T cells) and ex vivo in esophageal mucosal biopsy samples from children with EoE or GERD and control children without esophageal disease.
Results:
Interleukin-5 induced a decrease in human β-defensin (hBD) -1 and hBD3 expression in EoE1-T but not in NES-G4T cells. Compared with esophageal biopsy specimens from GERD and control children, specimens from EoE pediatric patients revealed a significant decrease in mRNA and protein expression for hBD1 and hBD3.
Conclusion:
Diminished expression of hBD1 and hBD3 may make the esophageal epithelium more susceptible to the development and/or perpetuation of EoE.
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