Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What is an Electrochemical Gradient?01:26

What is an Electrochemical Gradient?

Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is considered the primary energy source in cells. However, energy can also be stored in the electrochemical gradient of an ion across the plasma membrane, which is determined by two factors: its chemical and electrical gradients.
The chemical gradient relies on differences in the abundance of a substance on the outside versus the inside of a cell and flows from areas of high to low ion concentration. In contrast, the electrical gradient revolves around an ion’s...
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview01:21

Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview

An electrochemical gradient is a fundamental concept in biology and chemistry. It regulates the movement of ions across cell membranes. This movement is influenced by two factors:
The electrical gradient: The electrical gradient across cell membranes refers to the difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a cell.  This difference drives the movement of ions towards or away from the cells. For instance, if the inside of the cell is more negatively charged relative to the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Inflammation-Induced Claudin-2 Up-Regulation Limits Pancreatitis Development by Enhancing Pancreatic Ductal Transport.

Gastroenterology·2026
Same author

Massively multiplexed microfluidics maps combinatorial and sequential antibiotic responses in 3D.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Accurate processing of ultra-short immune signals by single macrophages.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Spatial Proximity Sequencing Maps Developmental Dynamics in the Germinal Center.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Publisher Correction: Herpesviruses mimic zygotic genome activation to promote viral replication.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Macrophage memory emerges from coordinated transcription factor and chromatin dynamics.

Cell systems·2025
Same journal

Microfluidic rare cell analysis beyond counting: workflow design from enrichment to multi-omics.

Lab on a chip·2026
Same journal

A sperm racetrack to separate sperm by swim speed.

Lab on a chip·2026
Same journal

Controlled encapsulation and droplet size prediction in two-step microfluidic double emulsions.

Lab on a chip·2026
Same journal

A particulate blood-mimicking fluid with physiological biconcave geometry for microscale hemorheology.

Lab on a chip·2026
Same journal

Multicellular sensor arrays fabricated by capillary stamping for pattern-based odor discrimination.

Lab on a chip·2026
Same journal

A real-time microfluidic surveillance system for multiplex detection of heavy metal contamination in wastewater.

Lab on a chip·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

A Gradient-generating Microfluidic Device for Cell Biology
11:05

A Gradient-generating Microfluidic Device for Cell Biology

Published on: August 30, 2007

Flow-switching allows independently programmable, extremely stable, high-throughput diffusion-based gradients.

Tino Frank1, Savaş Tay

  • 1ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.

Lab on a Chip
|February 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents an automated microfluidic platform for generating stable cell culture gradients. The system enables dynamic single-cell analysis of cellular responses to various chemical stimuli.

More Related Videos

Creating Adhesive and Soluble Gradients for Imaging Cell Migration with Fluorescence Microscopy
13:10

Creating Adhesive and Soluble Gradients for Imaging Cell Migration with Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: April 4, 2013

Polydimethylsiloxane-polycarbonate Microfluidic Devices for Cell Migration Studies Under Perpendicular Chemical and Oxygen Gradients
11:23

Polydimethylsiloxane-polycarbonate Microfluidic Devices for Cell Migration Studies Under Perpendicular Chemical and Oxygen Gradients

Published on: February 23, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

A Gradient-generating Microfluidic Device for Cell Biology
11:05

A Gradient-generating Microfluidic Device for Cell Biology

Published on: August 30, 2007

Creating Adhesive and Soluble Gradients for Imaging Cell Migration with Fluorescence Microscopy
13:10

Creating Adhesive and Soluble Gradients for Imaging Cell Migration with Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: April 4, 2013

Polydimethylsiloxane-polycarbonate Microfluidic Devices for Cell Migration Studies Under Perpendicular Chemical and Oxygen Gradients
11:23

Polydimethylsiloxane-polycarbonate Microfluidic Devices for Cell Migration Studies Under Perpendicular Chemical and Oxygen Gradients

Published on: February 23, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Cell Biology
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Cellular responses to chemical gradients are crucial in biological processes.
  • Existing methods for gradient generation can lack stability and programmability.
  • High-throughput screening of cellular responses requires advanced analytical tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an automated microfluidic platform for creating stable, programmable diffusion-based chemical gradients.
  • To enable dynamic single-cell analysis of cellular responses within these gradients.
  • To demonstrate the platform's capability using mammalian cells and specific signaling molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Design and implementation of an automated microfluidic device for gradient generation.
  • Integration of 30 parallel gradients with independent programmability.
  • Temporal modulation of flow patterns for gradient stability.
  • Screening of mammalian fibroblast and macrophage cells for NFκB pathway activity.
  • Multiparameter measurements for dynamic single-cell analysis.

Main Results:

  • Successful generation of stable spatial gradients using temporal flow modulation.
  • Demonstration of 30 parallel gradients with 10 chemical formulations and 3 replicates.
  • Screening of NFκB pathway activity in response to TNFα, PDGF, and LPS gradients.
  • Validation of the platform for dynamic single-cell analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microfluidic platform offers a robust solution for generating stable, programmable chemical gradients.
  • The system facilitates high-throughput, dynamic single-cell analysis of cellular responses.
  • This technology advances the study of cell signaling and behavior under controlled microenvironmental conditions.