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Related Concept Videos

The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue

Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material. The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue. The inorganic matrix consists of mineral salts— mostly calcium salts— that give the...
Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Distinctive Capillary Action by Micro-channels in Bone-like Templates can Enhance Recruitment of Cells for Restoration of Large Bony Defect
09:35

Distinctive Capillary Action by Micro-channels in Bone-like Templates can Enhance Recruitment of Cells for Restoration of Large Bony Defect

Published on: September 11, 2015

Diamond as a scaffold for bone growth.

Kate Fox1, Joseph Palamara, Roy Judge

  • 1School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. kfox@unimelb.edu.au

Journal of Materials Science. Materials in Medicine
|February 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Diamond, including polycrystalline (PCD) and ultrananocrystalline (UNCD) forms, shows potential as a bone scaffold material. Both diamond types facilitate apatite formation in simulated body fluid, indicating suitability for bone regeneration and implantation.

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Published on: September 11, 2015

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Published on: April 26, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Diamond is a promising material for biomedical applications due to its inertness and mechanical properties.
  • Evaluating bioactivity involves assessing apatite formation on material surfaces when exposed to simulated body fluid.
  • Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) are advanced diamond forms produced via microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) as bone scaffolds.
  • To assess the bioactivity of PCD and UNCD by evaluating their capacity for apatite formation.
  • To compare the apatite-forming ability of PCD and UNCD with bulk silicon.

Main Methods:

  • Exposure of PCD and UNCD samples to simulated body fluid (SBF).
  • Surface analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to observe morphology.
  • Surface analysis using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to determine elemental composition and chemical states.

Main Results:

  • Both PCD and UNCD demonstrated the ability to form apatite-like calcium phosphate phases on their surfaces when immersed in SBF.
  • SEM and XPS analyses confirmed the presence and composition of the deposited apatite.
  • The apatite composition suggests good biocompatibility for both diamond types.

Conclusions:

  • PCD and UNCD exhibit bioactive properties, making them suitable candidates for bone scaffold applications.
  • The observed apatite formation indicates potential for osseointegration.
  • UNCD may offer advantages for applications requiring accelerated osseointegration compared to PCD.