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Related Concept Videos

Gap Junctions01:27

Gap Junctions

The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...
Gap Junctions01:37

Gap Junctions

Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...
Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions

The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
The Extracellular Matrix01:42

The Extracellular Matrix

Overview
The Extracellular Matrix01:29

The Extracellular Matrix

Overview
In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Mechanical Stimulation-induced Calcium Wave Propagation in Cell Monolayers: The Example of Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells
10:46

Mechanical Stimulation-induced Calcium Wave Propagation in Cell Monolayers: The Example of Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells

Published on: July 16, 2013

Theca-derived BMP4 and BMP7 down-regulate connexin43 expression and decrease gap junction intercellular communication

Hsun-Ming Chang1, Jung-Chien Cheng, Peter C K Leung

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Room 317, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|February 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone morphogenic proteins (BMP4) and (BMP7) reduce connexin43 (Cx43) expression and gap junction activity in human granulosa cells. This effect is mediated by the Smad signaling pathway.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Mechanical Stimulation-induced Calcium Wave Propagation in Cell Monolayers: The Example of Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells
10:46

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Published on: July 16, 2013

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06:57

Analysis of Transforming Growth Factor ß Family Cleavage Products Secreted Into the Blastocoele of Xenopus laevis Embryos

Published on: July 21, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Cell signaling
  • Molecular endocrinology

Background:

  • Connexin43 (Cx43)-coupled gap junctions are crucial for granulosa cell function in follicular and oocyte development.
  • Theca cell-derived bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), specifically BMP4 and BMP7, are potential modulators of these gap junctions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of BMP4 and BMP7 on Cx43 expression in human granulosa cells.
  • To determine if the Smad-dependent pathway mediates the effects of BMP4 and BMP7 on Cx43.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized immortalized human granulosa (SVOG) cells to assess Cx43 expression and gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) after BMP4/BMP7 exposure.
  • Employed a BMP type I inhibitor (dorsomorphin) and Smad4-targeting small interfering RNAs to confirm pathway specificity.
  • Quantified Cx43 mRNA via RT-qPCR and Cx43 protein/phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 via Western blot; evaluated GJIC using scrape loading and dye transfer assays.

Main Results:

  • BMP4 and BMP7 significantly decreased Cx43 mRNA and protein levels, along with GJIC activity.
  • Co-treatment with dorsomorphin attenuated the suppressive effects of BMP4/BMP7.
  • Smad4 knockdown reversed the observed changes in Cx43 expression induced by BMP4 and BMP7.

Conclusions:

  • Theca cell-derived BMP4 and BMP7 down-regulate Cx43 expression and reduce GJIC in human granulosa cells.
  • The Smad-dependent pathway is the likely mediator of this BMP-induced down-regulation of Cx43 and GJIC.