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In Vitro Fertilization

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...

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Updated: May 14, 2026

Utero-tubal Embryo Transfer and Vasectomy in the Mouse Model

Utero-tubal Embryo Transfer and Vasectomy in the Mouse Model

Published on: February 28, 2014

Modeling embryo transfer into a closed uterine cavity.

Sarit Yaniv¹, Ariel J Jaffa, David Elad

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

|February 8, 2013

Summary

This study simulated embryo transfer (ET) fluid dynamics, revealing that uterine contractions and catheter placement significantly impact embryo transport and implantation success. Optimizing these factors can enhance pregnancy outcomes in assisted reproduction.

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Murine Neural Plate Targeting by In Utero Nano-Injection (NEPTUNE) at Embryonic Day 7.5

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Medicine
Biomedical Engineering
Computational Fluid Dynamics

Background:

Embryo transfer (ET) is a critical step in extracorporeal fertilization, where embryos are deposited in the uterus.
Following ET, embryos remain in the uterine cavity for 2-4 days before implantation, influenced by uterine fluid dynamics and peristalsis.

Purpose of the Study:

To simulate and analyze the role of intrauterine fluid flow patterns in embryo transport after ET.
To identify key factors influencing embryo movement and potential implantation sites within the uterus.

Main Methods:

A two-dimensional computational model simulated fluid injection via a catheter into a liquid-filled channel representing the uterine cavity.
Numerical experiments investigated the effects of fluid dynamics, uterine peristalsis parameters, and catheter placement on embryo transport.

Main Results:

The closed fundal end of the simulated uterus significantly influenced fluid fields and embryo recirculation patterns.
Embryo transport was strongly dependent on uterine peristalsis (amplitude, frequency) and its synchronization with catheter discharge.
Catheter tip placement and delivery speed were identified as crucial operating parameters affecting embryo distribution.

Conclusions:

Modeling highlights the importance of intrauterine fluid dynamics and uterine biomechanics in successful embryo transport.
Optimizing ET parameters, including catheter manipulation and understanding uterine motility, can improve pregnancy success rates.