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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression01:27

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression

Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...

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Related Experiment Video

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Experimental Design for Laser Microdissection RNA-Seq: Lessons from an Analysis of Maize Leaf Development
10:08

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Published on: March 5, 2017

A developmental transcriptional network for maize defines coexpression modules.

Gregory S Downs1, Yong-Mei Bi, Joseph Colasanti

  • 1Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1.

Plant Physiology
|February 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study maps maize (Zea mays) gene expression across 50 developmental stages, revealing 24 coexpression modules linked to specific tissues and biological processes for crop improvement.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Plant Biology
  • Transcriptomics

Background:

  • Understanding transcriptional regulation is crucial for crop improvement in maize (Zea mays).
  • Genome-wide analysis provides insights into gene function and regulation.
  • Maize is a globally significant agricultural crop.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a genome-wide overview of transcriptional circuits in maize.
  • To identify coexpressed gene modules and their association with developmental stages and tissues.
  • To explore the role of transcriptional control in gene coexpression.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of transcript abundance data from 34,876 gene models across 50 developmental stages.
  • Classification of genes into 24 coexpression modules.
  • Investigation of gene expression patterns in relation to tissue types, developmental age, and regulatory motifs.

Main Results:

  • 24 robust coexpression modules were identified, with 67% showing preferential expression in specific tissues.
  • One-third of modules exhibited absence of gene expression in certain tissues.
  • Genes within modules correlated with developmental age, and regulatory motifs were enriched in several modules.

Conclusions:

  • Transcript-level coexpression networks are powerful tools for identifying biological processes and molecular components in maize.
  • Coexpression patterns suggest significant transcriptional control governing gene regulation.
  • This work lays the foundation for targeted genetic improvements in maize breeding.