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Related Concept Videos

Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
Replication in Prokaryotes
DNA replication uses a large number of...
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Isolation of Viral Replication Compartment-enriched Sub-nuclear Fractions from Adenovirus-infected Normal Human Cells
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Isolation of Viral Replication Compartment-enriched Sub-nuclear Fractions from Adenovirus-infected Normal Human Cells

Published on: November 12, 2015

Adenovirus DNA replication.

Rob C Hoeben1, Taco G Uil

  • 1Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands. r.c.hoeben@lumc.nl

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|February 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Adenoviruses are studied for biological processes and gene therapy, but cause disease in immunocompromised individuals. Recent developments include new antivirals targeting human adenovirus (HAdV) replication.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Therapy

Background:

  • Adenoviruses are versatile tools for studying fundamental biological processes like DNA replication and transcription.
  • Their utility extends to gene-transfer vectors and oncolytic agents in therapeutic applications.
  • However, adenoviruses pose significant risks as pathogens, particularly in immunocompromised populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize adenovirus replication strategies and key proteins.
  • To review advancements in adenovirus research since 2006.
  • To discuss the development of antivirals against human adenovirus (HAdV) and their clinical impact.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on adenovirus biology and replication.
  • Analysis of recent studies (post-2006) on adenovirus applications and pathogenesis.

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Rescue of Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus from cDNA
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Rescue of Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus from cDNA

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Isolation of Viral Replication Compartment-enriched Sub-nuclear Fractions from Adenovirus-infected Normal Human Cells
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Cloning and Large-Scale Production of High-Capacity Adenoviral Vectors Based on the Human Adenovirus Type 5
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Rescue of Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus from cDNA
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Rescue of Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus from cDNA

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  • Examination of antiviral strategies targeting HAdV replication.

    • Main Results:

    • Adenoviruses employ complex replication mechanisms involving specific viral proteins.
    • Significant progress has been made in utilizing adenoviruses for gene therapy and cancer treatment.
    • Development of novel antiviral compounds shows promise in combating HAdV infections.

    Conclusions:

    • Adenovirus research continues to evolve, offering insights into viral mechanisms and therapeutic potential.
    • Antiviral development is crucial for managing HAdV diseases, especially in vulnerable patient groups.
    • Understanding HAdV impact on human health remains a key focus for future research and clinical intervention.