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Free space diffraction on active gratings with balanced phase and gain/loss modulations
Mykola Kulishov1, Bernard Kress
1HTA Photomask, 1605 Remuda Lane, San Jose, California 95112, USA. mykolak@htaphotomask.com
Optics Express
|February 8, 2013
Summary
This study demonstrates asymmetrical diffraction by modulating material phase and loss/gain. This method redirects optical energy into specific diffraction orders, controlling light behavior in various regimes.
Area of Science:
- Optics and Photonics
- Materials Science
Background:
- Diffraction is a fundamental wave phenomenon.
- Symmetrical diffraction is common in periodic structures.
- Controlling diffraction asymmetry is crucial for optical devices.
Purpose of the Study:
- To theoretically analyze asymmetrical diffraction.
- To investigate control over diffraction orders using material properties.
- To explore applications in optical devices.
Main Methods:
- Theoretical analysis using coupled mode equations.
- Modeling of combined phase and loss/gain modulations.
- Analysis across Raman-Nath, intermediate, and Bragg regimes.
Main Results:
- Achieved asymmetrical diffraction by combining phase and loss/gain modulations.
- Redirected all optical energy into positive or negative diffraction orders.
- Derived analytic expressions for diffraction order amplitudes.
Conclusions:
- Asymmetrical diffraction is controllable via material property modulations.
- This technique offers precise control over light energy distribution.
- Potential for novel optical device functionalities.
