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General Transcription Factors

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...

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Injecting Gryllus bimaculatus Eggs

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Tissue-specific transcriptomics in the field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus.

Nathan W Bailey¹, Paris Veltsos, Yew-Foon Tan

¹Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, United Kingdom.

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)

|February 8, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Transcriptomic analysis of field crickets reveals significant tissue-specific gene expression. Genes in testis and accessory glands evolve faster, supporting rapid evolution driven by sexual selection.

Keywords:

Teleogryllus oceanicus field cricket gryllid reference transcriptome tissue-specific transcriptome

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Area of Science:

* Evolutionary Biology
* Genomics
* Behavioral Genetics

Background:

* Field crickets (Gryllidae) are model organisms for studying behavioral genetics, sexual selection, and sexual conflict.
* Previous research has not investigated transcriptomic differences across various tissue types in these insects.
* Understanding tissue-specific gene expression is crucial for elucidating the genetic basis of complex traits.

Purpose of the Study:

* To characterize transcriptomic variation among testis, accessory gland, and whole-body tissues of the field cricket, *Teleogryllus oceanicus*.
* To identify tissue-specific genes and assess their evolutionary rates.
* To test the hypothesis that genes involved in sexual selection evolve more rapidly.

Main Methods:

* Non-normalized cDNA libraries were created from testis, accessory gland, and whole-body tissues.
* Sequencing was performed using the Roche 454 platform.
* Data analysis involved master assembly, contig construction, singleton identification, and BLASTx annotation against *Drosophila melanogaster*.

Main Results:

* A total of 78,818 sequences were analyzed, with 75% unique to specific tissues.
* Testis tissue exhibited the highest proportion of unique sequences (62.6%), followed by whole-body (56.43%) and accessory gland (44.16%).
* Uniquely expressed sequences in testis and accessory gland showed significantly lower BLASTx match rates to *D. melanogaster*, indicating faster evolution.

Conclusions:

* Significant transcriptomic divergence exists among different tissues in *Teleogryllus oceanicus*.
* Genes expressed in the testis and accessory gland evolve at a faster rate compared to whole-body tissues.
* These findings support the hypothesis that sexual selection drives rapid evolution in reproductive tissues.