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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...

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Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems
11:53

Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems

Published on: September 8, 2012

Comparative analysis ofCas6b processing and CRISPR RNA stability.

Hagen Richter1, Sita J Lange, Rolf Backofen

  • 1Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.

RNA Biology
|February 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CRISPR-Cas systems use crRNAs to defend against viruses. This study shows how spacer sequences influence crRNA maturation in Methanococcus maripaludis, impacting antiviral defense efficacy.

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems
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Published on: September 8, 2012

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A New Toolkit for Evaluating Gene Functions using Conditional Cas9 Stabilization
08:20

A New Toolkit for Evaluating Gene Functions using Conditional Cas9 Stabilization

Published on: September 2, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas systems provide adaptive immunity against viruses.
  • CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) guide Cas endonucleases to target foreign nucleic acids.
  • The subtype I-B CRISPR-Cas system in Methanococcus maripaludis C5 was investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the effect of spacer sequences on crRNA maturation in the M. maripaludis C5 CRISPR-Cas system.
  • To understand the role of the Cas6b endonuclease in crRNA processing.
  • To correlate spacer sequence and length with crRNA abundance and stability.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical analysis of Cas6b endonuclease activity.
  • In vitro processing assays using spacer-repeat-spacer RNA substrates.
  • Deep-sequencing to quantify crRNA abundance.
  • Analysis of crRNA stability.

Main Results:

  • Cas6b binds repeat RNA as a dimer and mature crRNA as a monomer.
  • Spacer sequence and length influence Cas6b processing and crRNA stability.
  • Variable crRNA abundance correlates with observed processing and stability characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • Spacer characteristics are critical for efficient crRNA maturation and CRISPR-Cas immunity.
  • Preventing the insertion of specific sequences with archaeal poly-T termination signals may be important for archaeal CRISPR-Cas systems.
  • Findings provide insights into the regulation of CRISPR-Cas antiviral defense.