Update in pediatric anaphylaxis: a systematic review

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Allergy and Immunology
• Emergency Medicine

Background:

• Anaphylaxis is a common and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction in children.
• Recognizing age-specific differences in pediatric anaphylaxis is crucial for effective management.
• Current guidelines and practices require regular updates for healthcare providers.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an updated overview of pediatric anaphylaxis for pediatricians.
• To summarize recent literature on triggers, diagnosis, and management of anaphylaxis in children.
• To highlight challenges and best practices in managing anaphylaxis, particularly in school settings.

Main Methods:

• A systematic review of scientific literature published within the last five years.
• Analysis of studies focusing on pediatric anaphylaxis triggers, clinical presentation, and treatment modalities.
• Inclusion of data relevant to emergency action plans and autoinjector utilization.

Main Results:

• Food allergens are the most frequent triggers in children, followed by insect stings and medications.
• Diagnostic criteria encompass dermatological, respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal symptoms.
• Biphasic reactions can occur, with recurrence typically within 8 hours.
• Epinephrine is the first-line treatment, yet its utilization remains suboptimal.
• Access to epinephrine autoinjectors and proper training are essential for patient safety.

Conclusions:

• Pediatric anaphylaxis management necessitates a thorough understanding of triggers and clinical manifestations.
• Prompt administration of epinephrine is critical for saving lives during anaphylactic episodes.
• Effective management strategies include patient education, accessible epinephrine autoinjectors, and comprehensive emergency plans.
• Pediatricians are vital in the chronic assessment and treatment of children with anaphylaxis, including addressing school-related challenges.