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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and corticosterone...
Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct regions...
Ovaries01:26

Ovaries

The ovaries are roughly the size of almonds and measure approximately 2 to 3 centimeters in length. These paired structures are situated within the pelvic region and are anchored by the mesovarium—a peritoneal extension that also connects them to the wider structure of the broad ligament. The support system extends to the suspensory ligament, housing blood and lymphatic vessels. In addition, the ovarian ligament tethers the ovaries to the uterus.
On the ovarian surface, a layer of cuboidal...
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair growth — and...

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Related Experiment Video

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A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

Virilizing adrenal oncocytoma.

Dinesh Sharma1, Sanjiv Sharma, Anupam Jhobta

  • 1Department of Radiodiagnosis, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India.

Journal of Clinical Imaging Science
|February 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Adrenal oncocytomas are rare, usually benign adrenal neoplasms. A rare functioning adrenal oncocytoma presented with virilization in a pediatric patient, highlighting surgery as optimal management.

Keywords:
Adrenal tumoradrenal oncocytomaoncocytomavirilization

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • Adrenal oncocytomas are rare neoplasms originating from the adrenal cortex.
  • Fewer than 60 cases have been documented in medical literature.
  • These tumors are typically discovered incidentally via abdominal imaging and are often non-functional and benign.

Observation:

  • A 16-year-old female presented with clinical signs of virilization.
  • Diagnostic workup revealed a functioning adrenal oncocytoma.
  • The tumor's hormonal activity was responsible for the patient's symptoms.

Findings:

  • Adrenal oncocytomas can be hormonally active, contrary to their usual non-functioning presentation.
  • Virilization in a pediatric patient can be a manifestation of a functioning adrenal oncocytoma.
  • Surgical resection is the recommended treatment for adrenal oncocytomas.

Implications:

  • This case expands the clinical spectrum of adrenal oncocytoma presentation.
  • Early surgical intervention is crucial for managing functioning adrenal oncocytomas.
  • Further research into the molecular mechanisms of functioning adrenal oncocytomas is warranted.