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Related Concept Videos

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are typically...
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood glucose levels...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively manages...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat
08:18

A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat

Published on: August 14, 2013

Nutritional supplements and their effect on glucose control.

Tanya Lee1, Jean-Jacques Dugoua

  • 1The Health Centre of Milton, Milton, Ontario, Canada.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|February 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Natural health products show promise for managing diabetes mellitus (DM). Further research is needed to confirm the safety, dosage, and interactions of these supplements with conventional treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Integrative Medicine
  • Nutritional Science
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing global health concern.
  • Increasing patient interest in natural health products (NHPs) for DM management.
  • Need for scientific evidence on NHP efficacy and safety in diabetes care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compile and review scientific literature on commonly used NHPs for diabetes treatment.
  • To educate health professionals on the efficacy, safety, and dosage of NHPs.
  • To identify NHPs with potential benefits for diabetes management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search and compilation of scientific studies on NHPs for diabetes.
  • Analysis of research focusing on efficacy and mechanisms of action.

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Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Published on: December 1, 2023

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat
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A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat

Published on: August 14, 2013

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults
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Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Published on: December 1, 2023

  • Evaluation of safety, dosage, and potential interactions.

    • Main Results:

    • Many NHPs show promising results for the treatment of diabetes.
    • Soluble fiber, alpha-lipoic acid, milk thistle, prickly pear cactus, and pycnogenol are identified as potentially beneficial.
    • Further studies are required for several herbs and nutraceuticals.

    Conclusions:

    • NHPs offer potential adjunctive or alternative therapies for diabetes mellitus.
    • Evidence suggests benefits from specific NHPs like soluble fiber and alpha-lipoic acid.
    • More research is essential to establish definitive safety, optimal dosage, and interaction profiles.