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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O

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Biological nitrate removal using wheat straw and PLA as substrate.

Zhenxing Fan¹, Jun Hu, Jianlong Wang

¹Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China.

Environmental Technology

|February 12, 2013

Summary

Wheat straw and polylactic acid (PLA) effectively remove nitrate biologically. Wheat straw demonstrated a faster biofilm development and higher denitrification rate compared to PLA for nitrate removal.

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Area of Science:

Environmental microbiology
Water treatment technologies
Bioremediation

Background:

Nitrate contamination in water bodies is a significant environmental concern.
Sustainable and efficient methods for biological nitrate removal are crucial.
Investigating novel carbon sources and biofilm supports is essential for optimizing bioremediation processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of wheat straw and polylactic acid (PLA) as substrates for biological nitrate removal.
To compare the performance of wheat straw and PLA in supporting biofilm development and denitrification.
To determine the influence of temperature on the denitrification process using these substrates.

Main Methods:

Biological nitrate removal experiments using wheat straw and PLA as carbon sources and biofilm supports.
Monitoring biofilm development, denitrification rates, and nitrate removal efficiency.
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses.
Investigating the effect of temperature on denitrification performance.

Main Results:

Biofilm formation on wheat straw occurred within 15 days, achieving a denitrification rate of 0.067 mg-N/(g-wheat straw x h) and 100% nitrate removal.
Biofilm formation on PLA required 40 days, with a denitrification rate of 0.0026 mg-N/(g-PLA x h) and 100% nitrate removal efficiency.
Temperature significantly impacted the denitrification performance for both substrates.
FTIR and SEM analyses confirmed substrate utilization and provided insights into performance differences.

Conclusions:

Wheat straw is a superior substrate to PLA for biological nitrate removal, offering a higher denitrification rate.
Both wheat straw and PLA can effectively support microbial communities for complete nitrate removal.
Temperature is a critical factor influencing the efficiency of biological nitrate removal using these materials.