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Related Concept Videos

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function01:58

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
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Sporulation is a complex developmental process that allows certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium species, to survive extreme environmental conditions. This process is tightly regulated by a series of signaling cascades and transcriptional controls, ensuring the formation of a highly resistant endospore.Sporulation is triggered by unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient depletion, and is governed by a phosphorelay system. One of the sensor kinases, such as...
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Updated: May 14, 2026

The Terroir Concept Interpreted through Grape Berry Metabolomics and Transcriptomics
13:02

The Terroir Concept Interpreted through Grape Berry Metabolomics and Transcriptomics

Published on: October 5, 2016

Fruit development and ripening.

Graham B Seymour1, Lars Østergaard, Natalie H Chapman

  • 1Plant and Crop Science Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom. graham.seymour@nottingham.ac.uk

Annual Review of Plant Biology
|February 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Angiosperm fruit development, from dry to fleshy types, shares conserved molecular regulatory networks. Understanding these networks aids in improving essential crop varieties through genomic insights.

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An Efficient Clearing Protocol for the Study of Seed Development in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Genetics
  • Crop science

Background:

  • Angiosperm fruits exhibit diverse morphologies, from dry grains to fleshy fruits, serving as vital food sources.
  • Model plants like Arabidopsis (dry fruits) and tomato (fleshy fruits) have revealed regulatory networks controlling fruit development and ripening.
  • Despite morphological differences, molecular mechanisms governing fruit maturation show significant conservation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conserved molecular regulatory networks controlling fruit development and maturation across diverse angiosperm species.
  • To explore the similarities in genetic circuits between dry and fleshy fruit development.
  • To highlight the potential for crop improvement by understanding fruit regulatory pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of gene regulatory networks in model plants (Arabidopsis and tomato).
  • Study of rare non-ripening mutations in tomato to elucidate ripening control.
  • Genomic and epigenomic variation analysis in angiosperms.

Main Results:

  • Strong similarities identified in molecular circuits governing development and maturation between dry and fleshy fruits.
  • Regulatory networks controlling fruit development are conserved across a wide spectrum of angiosperm fruit morphologies.
  • Tomato research provides insights transferable to other fleshy-fruited species.

Conclusions:

  • Conserved regulatory networks underpin fruit development and maturation across angiosperms, irrespective of fruit type.
  • Understanding these conserved pathways is crucial for advancing crop improvement strategies.
  • Harnessing genome-wide genetic and epigenetic variation offers a foundation for significant crop enhancement.