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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

Muscles that Move the Arm

Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
06:09

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

Shoulder instability in the young athlete.

Benton E Heyworth1, Mininder S Kocher

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA.

Instructional Course Lectures
|February 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Shoulder instability is a common injury in young athletes. This review outlines diagnostic methods and management principles for pediatric and adolescent athletes with shoulder instability.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic surgery
  • Pediatric sports medicine

Background:

  • Shoulder instability is a frequent musculoskeletal issue in pediatric and adolescent athletes.
  • Injury patterns in young athletes are influenced by their developing musculoskeletal system and sport-specific activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of diagnostic approaches for shoulder instability in young athletes.
  • To review current literature guiding management principles for this population.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of diagnostic and management strategies for pediatric and adolescent shoulder instability.

Main Results:

  • Diagnostic approaches should consider the unique aspects of immature musculoskeletal systems.
  • Management principles are evolving and sport-specific considerations are important.

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Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
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Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact

Published on: February 10, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
06:09

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
10:07

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact

Published on: February 10, 2015

Conclusions:

  • A structured approach to diagnosis and management is crucial for young athletes with shoulder instability.
  • Further research is needed to refine sport-specific treatment guidelines.