Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as a...

Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder is a complex and multifaceted mental health condition characterized by pervasive instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, emotions, and impulse control. This instability manifests in extreme emotional reactions, fear of abandonment, and self-destructive behaviors. The disorder significantly impacts daily functioning, often leading to distress in both personal and professional domains.
Genetic and Environmental Contributions
Borderline Personality...

Panic Disorder

Panic Disorder

Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...

Personality Disorders: Schizotypal and Histrionic

Personality Disorders: Schizotypal and Histrionic

Schizotypal personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder are two distinct psychological conditions classified under personality disorders, each characterized by unique behavioral patterns and social difficulties. Both disorders significantly affect interpersonal relationships and emotional well-being, leading to social isolation and frustration.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder: Eccentric Behavior and Social Withdrawal
Schizotypal personality disorder is marked by odd or eccentric...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

L'Encephale·2019

Same author

The relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolarity and mixed features in major depressive patients: Evidence from the BRIDGE-II-Mix Study.

Journal of affective disorders·2019

Same author

[Aripiprazole as dopamine partial agonist model: Basic concepts and clinical impact].

L'Encephale·2018

Same author

Emotional hyper-reactivity and cardiometabolic risk in remitted bipolar patients: a machine learning approach.

Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica·2018

Same author

Aggressiveness in depression: a neglected symptom possibly associated with bipolarity and mixed features.

Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica·2017

Same author

A re-examination of antidepressant treatment-emergent mania in bipolar disorders: evidence of gender differences.

Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica·2017

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Closed-Loop Neurostimulation for Biomarker-Driven, Personalized Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

Closed-Loop Neurostimulation for Biomarker-Driven, Personalized Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

Published on: July 7, 2023

[Bipolar disorder: inter-episode symptoms].

¹PU-PH, SHU Psychiatrie Adultes, Hôpital Sainte- Marguerite, 270 bd Sainte- Marguerite, Marseille cedex 09. jazorin@ap-hm.fr

|February 12, 2013

Summary

Inter-episode symptoms in bipolar disorder, including residual symptoms and prodromes, affect 50-68% of patients and increase relapse risk. Early recognition and management are crucial for better outcomes.

Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Clinical Psychology

Background:

The concept of inter-episode symptoms in bipolar disorder dates back to the 19th century.
Modern research indicates 50-68% of patients experience subsyndromal manifestations between affective episodes.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the significance of inter-episode symptoms in bipolar disorder.
To emphasize their impact on illness course and functioning.

Main Methods:

Review of historical and modern studies on bipolar disorder.
Analysis of the components of inter-episode symptoms, including residual symptoms, prodromes, and comorbidities.

Main Results:

Inter-episode symptoms include residual symptoms, prodromes, comorbid disorders, treatment side effects, temperamental features, and personality disorders.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Closed-Loop Neurostimulation for Biomarker-Driven, Personalized Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

Closed-Loop Neurostimulation for Biomarker-Driven, Personalized Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

Published on: July 7, 2023

These symptoms are a risk factor for relapse and are associated with significant psychosocial and family life impairments.

Conclusions:

Inter-episode symptoms are often overlooked but critical to recognize in clinical practice.
Effective management involves achieving full remission with psychotropic drugs and considering cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychoeducation for residual symptoms and prodromes.