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Related Concept Videos

iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial transdifferentiation occurs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Directed Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells towards T Lymphocytes
12:47

Directed Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells towards T Lymphocytes

Published on: May 14, 2012

Tcf15 primes pluripotent cells for differentiation.

Owen R Davies1, Chia-Yi Lin, Aliaksandra Radzisheuskaya

  • 1Institute for Stem Cell Research, MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.

Cell Reports
|February 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation (Id) proteins regulate pluripotency. Tcf15, an Id-regulated factor, primes embryonic stem cells for differentiation by downregulating Nanog, especially with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Directed Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells towards T Lymphocytes
12:47

Directed Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells towards T Lymphocytes

Published on: May 14, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Molecular genetics

Background:

  • Pluripotent stem cells must be primed for differentiation, but the underlying molecular events remain unclear.
  • Inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation (Id) proteins maintain pluripotency by inhibiting basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors.
  • Understanding factors that control the transition from pluripotency to differentiation is crucial for developmental studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify Id-regulated transcription factors involved in embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency and differentiation.
  • To investigate the role of Tcf15 in priming ESCs for somatic lineage commitment.
  • To elucidate the connection between fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling and differentiation priming.

Main Methods:

  • Yeast-two-hybrid screens to identify Id-interacting proteins in ESCs.
  • Expression analysis of identified factors in ESCs and early embryos.
  • Functional studies using an Id-resistant Tcf15 mutant to assess effects on Nanog and lineage commitment.
  • Investigation of Tcf15 expression dependency on FGF signaling.

Main Results:

  • Identification of Tcf15 as an Id-regulated transcription factor expressed in ESCs and the early embryo.
  • Tcf15 is associated with a distinct subpopulation of primed ESCs.
  • An Id-resistant Tcf15 mutant rapidly downregulates Nanog and promotes somatic lineage entry.
  • Tcf15 expression is dependent on FGF signaling, suggesting a role in differentiation priming.

Conclusions:

  • Id proteins may prime pluripotent cells for differentiation by regulating Tcf15 activity.
  • Tcf15 acts as a key mediator in the transition from pluripotency to somatic lineages.
  • FGF signaling primes cells for differentiation partly through Tcf15 regulation without compromising pluripotency.