Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: a first report from Saudi Arabia

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Rheumatology
• Osteomyelitis Research
• Systemic Inflammatory Disorders

Background:

• Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare, systemic, aseptic, inflammatory disorder.
• The pathogenesis of CRMO remains unknown.
• No prior reports of CRMO from Saudi Arabia exist.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the clinical and laboratory features of children with CRMO.
• To report on the treatment outcomes for CRMO in a Saudi Arabian cohort.
• To raise awareness of CRMO in the region.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective study of patients referred to a pediatric rheumatology clinic in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
• Diagnosis based on recurrent osteomyelitis with radiographic evidence of chronic osteomyelitis at multiple sites in children under 14, excluding infectious causes.
• Histopathological and microbiological examinations were performed.

Main Results:

• Ten patients (9 female, 1 male) with CRMO were identified; 2 presented in infancy.
• All patients experienced pain, and 8 had associated swelling with multifocal lesions.
• Cyclic pamidronate infusions led to significant improvement in 6 patients.

Conclusions:

• CRMO may be underdiagnosed in Saudi Arabia.
• Early recognition and intervention are crucial for managing CRMO.
• Prompt treatment can mitigate potential long-term complications.