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Related Concept Videos

Photoelectric Effect02:26

Photoelectric Effect

When light of a particular wavelength strikes a metal surface, electrons are emitted. This is called the photoelectric effect. The minimum frequency of light that can cause such emission of electrons is called the threshold frequency, which is specific to the metal. Light with a frequency lower than the threshold frequency, even if it is of high intensity, cannot initiate the emission of electrons. However, when the frequency is higher than the threshold value, the number of electrons ejected...
Photoluminescence: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence01:23

Photoluminescence: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence

Photoluminescence is a process where a molecule absorbs light energy and re-emits it in the form of light. This phenomenon occurs when a substance absorbs photons, promoting its electrons to higher energy level excited states, followed by a relaxation process in which the electrons return to their original ground state energy levels and emit light. Photoluminescence is widely observed in various materials, including semiconductors, and organic and inorganic compounds.
A pair of electrons in a...
Electrochemical Cells01:28

Electrochemical Cells

Electrochemical cells are systems that convert chemical energy into electrical energy or use electrical energy to drive chemical reactions. They consist of two electrodes in contact with an electrolyte, where redox reactions enable electron transfer. Most electrochemical cells include two half-cells connected by an external wire for electron flow and a salt bridge for ion flow. The salt bridge contains an electrolyte solution and maintains charge neutrality by allowing ions—not electrons—to...
Photoluminescence: Applications01:14

Photoluminescence: Applications

Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources01:13

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
Two common narrow-range 'line' sources used in AAS are hollow-cathode lamps (HCLs) and...
Light as Energy01:35

Light as Energy

The energy required to carry out photosynthesis is light— typically electromagnetic radiation from the sun. The range of all possible wavelengths is known as the electromagnetic spectrum.
Photons
A photon is a discrete electromagnetic particle or bundle of energy. Photons are characterized by their frequency, wavelength, and amplitude, similar to the properties of a wave. Waves with higher frequencies transmit more energy and have shorter wavelengths than longer wavelengths that transmit less...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Fabrication of White Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells with Stable Emission from Exciplexes
05:51

Fabrication of White Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells with Stable Emission from Exciplexes

Published on: November 15, 2016

White light from a single-emitter light-emitting electrochemical cell.

Shi Tang1, Junyou Pan, Herwig A Buchholz

  • 1The Organic Photonics and Electronics Group, Department of Physics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new single-emitter light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) that produces white light. This novel approach prevents color drift and offers a stable, efficient white light source.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Photophysics

Background:

  • Conventional white light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) often use multiple emitters, leading to issues like phase separation and color drift.
  • Achieving stable, high-quality white light from a single emitter in LECs remains a significant challenge in organic electronics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a novel and generic approach for generating white light from a single-emitter light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC).
  • To demonstrate the efficacy of a multifluorophoric conjugated copolymer (MCP) and a specifically designed electrolyte in achieving broad-band white light emission.
  • To address and overcome the color-drift issues prevalent in traditional multi-emitter LEC devices.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of LECs utilizing a multifluorophoric conjugated copolymer (MCP) as the active layer.
  • Development of a specialized electrolyte engineered to suppress energy-transfer interactions between fluorophores within the MCP.
  • Characterization of the optical and electrical properties of the single-emitter LECs, including color rendering index (CRI), correlated-color temperature (CCT), and current conversion efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of LECs emitting broad-band white light from a single emitter.
  • Achieved a color rendering index (CRI) of 82 and a correlated-color temperature (CCT) of 4000 K.
  • Obtained a current conversion efficacy of 3.8 cd/A.
  • The single-emitter configuration successfully eliminated color-drift issues associated with phase separation in multi-emitter devices.
  • An electrolyte-free device using the same MCP emitted only red light, highlighting the crucial role of the electrolyte in enabling white light emission.

Conclusions:

  • A novel and generic single-emitter LEC approach effectively generates stable white light.
  • The designed electrolyte plays a critical role in inhibiting undesired energy transfer, enabling broad-band emission from a multifluorophoric copolymer.
  • This method offers a promising alternative to conventional multi-emitter devices, overcoming common stability and color-drift challenges in white light emission.