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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...
ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and are...
The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...

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Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles
13:16

Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles

Published on: December 31, 2019

Phosphate transporters and their function.

Jürg Biber1, Nati Hernando, Ian Forster

  • 1Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. JuergBiber@access.uzh.ch

Annual Review of Physiology
|February 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Kidney phosphate reabsorption is crucial for maintaining plasma phosphate levels. NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIc cotransporters play key roles, with NaPi-IIa dominant in mice and NaPi-IIc in humans.

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Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters
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High-Throughput Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carriers for Structural and Biochemical Studies

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles
13:16

Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles

Published on: December 31, 2019

Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters
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Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters

Published on: February 3, 2018

High-Throughput Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carriers for Structural and Biochemical Studies
07:10

High-Throughput Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carriers for Structural and Biochemical Studies

Published on: September 29, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Plasma phosphate homeostasis is tightly regulated by renal inorganic phosphate (P(i)) reabsorption.
  • This process occurs in the proximal tubule via transcellular transport, with apical Na(+)-dependent P(i) cotransporters mediating the rate-limiting step.
  • While SLC34 (NaPi-IIa, NaPi-IIc) and SLC20 (PiT-2) families are involved, basolateral transporters remain unidentified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transport mechanisms, kinetics, stoichiometry, and substrate specificity of NaPi-IIa, NaPi-IIc, and PiT-2 cotransporters.
  • To analyze the regulation of these transporters in response to factors influencing phosphate homeostasis.
  • To elucidate the distinct roles of these cotransporters in renal phosphate reabsorption.

Main Methods:

  • Heterologous expression of NaPi-IIa, NaPi-IIc, and PiT-2 proteins.
  • Characterization of transport kinetics, stoichiometry, and substrate specificity.
  • Analysis of transporter abundance regulation.
  • Phenotypic analysis of NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIc deficient mice.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in kinetics, stoichiometry, and substrate specificity were observed among NaPi-IIa, NaPi-IIc, and PiT-2.
  • Differential temporal responses to hormonal and nonhormonal factors affecting transporter abundance were identified.
  • NaPi-IIa accounts for the majority of renal P(i) reabsorption in mice.
  • NaPi-IIc appears to play a more significant role in human kidney P(i) reabsorption.

Conclusions:

  • NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIc cotransporters exhibit distinct functional and regulatory properties.
  • Species-specific roles in renal phosphate reabsorption exist, with NaPi-IIa predominant in mice and NaPi-IIc in humans.
  • The physiological significance of PiT-2 in renal P(i) reabsorption requires further investigation.