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Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention01:30

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
11:32

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

Pneumococcemia in children--a retrospective study before universal pneumococcal vaccinations.

Henna Karppa1, Risto Vuento, Maija Toropainen

  • 1Paediatric Research Centre, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|February 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Occult pneumococcemia (bloodstream infection without pneumonia) was most common in 1-2 year olds. This condition presented with rapid fever, high white blood cell counts, and moderately elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.

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Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
07:47

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Published on: February 15, 2013

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
11:32

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
07:47

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Published on: February 15, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Pneumococcal infections remain a significant public health concern in children.
  • Distinguishing occult pneumococcemia from pneumococcal pneumonia is crucial for appropriate management.
  • Understanding the epidemiology and clinical features aids in early diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the incidence and clinical characteristics of blood culture-positive occult pneumococcemia versus pneumococcal pneumonia in children.
  • To identify distinct features that differentiate these two serious conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 105 children with positive blood cultures for Streptococcus pneumoniae between 2001-2010.
  • Data collected included clinical presentation, laboratory values, and treatment duration.
  • Patients were categorized into groups with and without pneumonia.

Main Results:

  • Occult pneumococcemia incidence was highest in 1-2 year olds (29.0/10,000).
  • Bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia incidence increased during the study period.
  • Pneumococcemia patients had shorter fever duration and antibiotic treatment, higher leukocyte counts, but lower CRP levels compared to pneumonia patients.

Conclusions:

  • Occult pneumococcemia is most prevalent in young children (1-2 years).
  • Key indicators for pneumococcemia include rapid fever onset, elevated white blood cell count, and moderately elevated CRP.
  • Serotypes 6B and 14 were the most common causative agents.