Magnesium sulfate during anticipated preterm birth for infant neuroprotection

Advances in medical care of preterm infants, including the widespread use of surfactant and antenatal steroids, and improvements in ventilation management, have increased the survival rates of some of the most vulnerable infants. Yet, the risk of neurologic impairment and long-term medical complications remains a concern. Recently, the use of magnesium sulfate during anticipated preterm birth has been identified as a potential treatment to reduce adverse neurologic outcomes among preterm infants. This article discusses the use of magnesium sulfate for anticipated preterm birth to reduce neurologic impairment in preterm infants, including current clinical practice guidelines and implications for nurses.